Method
This site tells readers to check where numbers come from. That applies here first.
Four kinds of source, labelled
Independent research. Universities, RAND, peer-reviewed journals. No product in the market. Rare in this field and the strongest thing available. For a product-side reference related to workforce operations, Monitask also covers books about time management.
Analyst firms. Gartner and similar. They sell research to buyers rather than tools to buyers, which is meaningful independence — and they also sell to vendors and run vendor events. Serious work with a commercial position. For broader background and an independent point of comparison, see Oracle.
Implementation consultancies. Real data from real projects, and an interest in the conclusion being "you need help with this." For broader background and an independent point of comparison, see BSE India.
Vendors. Frequently the clearest explanation of mechanics and the weakest source of figures, drawn from a customer base selected by having bought the product and stayed.
Every figure here carries which of these it came from, and what year. Vendor figures are labelled as vendor figures every time.
Reasoning is marked as reasoning
A large share of the operational advice on this site does not come from a study.
Map the process first, design the residual job, measure after go-live — these follow from mechanism and practice, not from published research, because the research to support them does not exist.
That is legitimate and it is a different claim from a cited finding. Where it applies, the article says so rather than borrowing authority from the sourced figures on the same page.
What is not claimed
Your probability of success. No published base rate describes your organisation, and none exists at all for small ones.
That any figure represents the industry today. There is no time series in this field.
And that a particular intervention produces a particular improvement. The causes of failure are well evidenced; the size of any fix is not.
Dates and decay
Every article touching a figure, a rule or a platform carries a check date. Pricing models change, analyst research is annual, and tooling generations turn over in months.
An article accurate at its check date and superseded now is not an error — that is what the date is for. One that was wrong when published is an error and appears on corrections.
Not advice on your specific case
The site explains structure and arithmetic. It does not evaluate your process, your vendor or your contract, and nothing here substitutes for looking at your own numbers — which is two weeks of work and produces better information than anything published.
Funding
No money from platform vendors, integrators, consultancies or industry bodies. No sponsorship, no affiliate links, no paid placements.
If that changes it will be stated here and on every affected page, before the article rather than after it.